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File utilities:

chgrp: Changes file group ownership.
chown: Changes file ownership.
chmod: Changes file permissions.
cp: Copies files.
dd: Copies and converts a file.
df: Shows disk free space on filesystems.
dir: Gives a brief directory listing.
dircolors: Setup program for the color output of GNU ls.
du: Shows disk usage on filesystems.
install: Copies file and sets its permissions.
ln: Creates file links.
ls: Lists directory contents.
mkdir: Creates directories.
mkfifo: Creates FIFOs (named pipes).
mknod: Creates special files.
mv: Moves files.
rm: Removes (deletes) files.
rmdir: Removes empty directories.
shred: Destroy data in files.
sync: Synchronizes filesystem buffers and disk.
touch: Changes file timestamps.
vdir: Long directory listing.

Text utilities:

cat: concatenates and prints files on the standard output
cksum: checksum and count the bytes in a file
comm: compares two sorted files line by line
csplit: splits a file into sections determined by context lines
cut: remove sections from each line of files
expand: convert tabs to spaces
fmt: simple optimal text formatter
fold: wrap each input line to fit in specified width
head: output the first part of files
join: join lines of two files on a common field
md5sum: compute and check MD5 messsage digest
nl: number lines of files
od: dump files in octal and other formats
paste: merge lines of files
ptx: produce a permuted index of file contents
pr: convert text files for printing
shasum: compute and check SHA1 message digest
sort: sort lines of text files
split: split a file into pieces
sum: checksum and count the blocks in a file
tac: concatenates and prints files in reverse
tail: outputs the last part of files
tr: translates or deletes characters
tsort: perform topological sort
unexpand: convert spaces to tabs
uniq: remove duplicate lines from a sorted file
wc: prints the number of bytes, words, and lines in files

Shell utilities:

[ - Check file types and compare values
basename - Removes the path prefix from a given pathname.
chroot - Changes the root directory.
date - Prints/sets the system date and time.
dirname - Removes the last level or filename from a given pathname.
echo - Prints a line of text.
env - Displays/modifies the environment.
expr - Evaluates expressions.
factor - Prints prime factors.
false - Returns an unsuccessful exit status.
groups - Print the groups that the user is a member of.
hostid - Print the numeric identifier for the current host
hostname - Print or set the machine name.
id - Print real/effective uid/gid.
logname - Print current login name.
nice - Modify scheduling priority.
nohup - Allows a command to continue running after logging out.
pathchk - Check file name portability.
pinky - Lightweight finger
printenv - Prints environment variables.
printf - Formats and prints data.
pwd - Print the current working directory.
seq - Print numeric sequences.
sleep - Suspends execution for a specified time.
stty - Print/change terminal settings.
su - Allows you to adopt the id of another user or superuser.
tee - Sends output to multiple files.
test - Evaluates an expression.
true - Returns a successful exit status.
tty - Print terminal name.
uname - Print system information.
users - Print current user names.
who - Print a list of all users currently logged in.
whoami - Print effective user id.
yes - Print a string repeatedly.

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